What are the two main types of investment products?

The identification of equity and debt as the two main types of investment products is grounded in fundamental investment principles.

Equity represents ownership in a company, typically captured through stocks. When an individual buys shares of a company, they gain a stake in that company and may benefit from its growth and profitability through capital appreciation and dividends. This form of investment carries higher risks and potential returns, as the value of equity can fluctuate based on the company's performance and market conditions.

Debt, conversely, refers to borrowed funds that must be paid back with interest. This is often seen in the form of bonds or loans. When investors purchase bonds, they are essentially lending money to an issuer (like a corporation or government) in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond's face value at maturity. Debt investments are generally considered less risky than equity since they often provide more stable returns and have a prioritized claim on assets in the event of liquidation.

Understanding these categories is crucial for investors as they shape the overall risk and return profile of their investment strategies. Distinguishing between equity and debt provides a foundational structure for analyzing potential investments and understanding their behavior in different economic conditions.